Mc Mining Regulatory News (MCM)

ANNUAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the year ended 30 June 2019

(Expressed in United States Dollars unless otherwise stated)

ANNUAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS INDEX

MC MINING LIMITED

The directors of MC Mining Limited submit herewith the annual report of the Company and the entities controlled by the Company (its subsidiaries), collectively referred to as the "Group", for the financial year ended 30 June 2019. All balances are denominated in United States dollars unless otherwise stated.

In order to comply with the provisions of the Corporations Act 2001, the directors report as follows:

Information about the directors and key management personnel

The names and particulars of the directors of the Company during or since the end of the financial year are set out below. Unless otherwise stated, the directors held office during the whole of the financial year:

Directorships of other listed companies

Directorships of other listed companies held by the directors in the three years immediately before the end of the financial year are as follows:

Directors' shareholdings

The following table sets out each director's relevant interest in shares or options in shares or debentures of the Company as at the date of this report.

1. Mr Brown was issued with the following performance rights:

485,702 unlisted conditional performance rights were granted on 30 November 2015, which expired in November 2018. 562,747 performance rights were granted on 30 November 2016. 625,612 performance rights were granted on 24 November 2017.878,287 performance rights were granted on 23 November 2018. The performance rights were granted for no consideration. No exercise price is payable upon exercise of the performance rights.

2. 635,347 performance rights were granted on 23 November 2018. The performance rights were granted for no consideration. No exercise price is payable upon exercise of the performance rights.

Remuneration of directors and key management personnel

Information about the remuneration of directors is set out in the remuneration report of this directors' report, on pages 15 to 16. Shareholder nominee non-executive directors are not remunerated. During the reporting period, no senior management satisfy the criteria of 'key management personnel'.

Share options granted to directors and senior management

During and since the end of the financial year, share options and performance rights were granted to Directors and key management personnel of the Company and of its controlled entities as part of their remuneration. Details of options and performance rights granted to Directors and senior management are set out on page 18.

Company secretary

Mr Tony Bevan, a qualified Chartered Accountant with over 25 years' experience, is the Company Secretary and works with Endeavour Corporate Pty Ltd, the company engaged to provide contract secretarial, accounting and administration services to MC Mining.

Principal activities

The Company is a limited company incorporated in Australia. Its common shares are listed on the ASX, the AIM and the JSE in South Africa. The principal activities of the Company and its subsidiaries are the acquisition, exploration, development and operation of metallurgical and thermal coal projects in South Africa.

The Group's principal assets and projects include:

·; The Uitkomst Colliery, an operating metallurgical and thermal coal mine with a circa 15 year life of mine (LOM);

·; Makhado hard coking and thermal coal project;

·; The Vele Colliery, a semi-soft coking and thermal coal mine, which remains on care and maintenance; and

·; Three exploration and development stage coking and thermal coal projects, namely Chapudi, Generaal and Mopane in the Soutpansberg Coalfield.

During the prior year, the Mooiplaats Colliery, which was on care and maintenance, was sold in November 2017.

Review of operations - Operational salient features

·; No fatalities (FY2018: nil) and four LTI's (FY2018: 1);

·; The Uitkomst Colliery produced 485,113 tonnes (t) (FY2018: 607,960 t) of raw coal comprising 472,647t (FY2018: 505,130t) of run of mine (ROM) coal and 12,466t (FY2018: 102,830t) bought-in during the period;

·; The Colliery sold 309,401t (FY2018: 475,089t) of coal - 295,051t (FY2018: 329,060t) from ROM coal, 0t (FY2018: 53,699t) from blending slurry, 6,035t (FY2018: 92,330t) from purchased coal and 8,315t (FY2018: nil)of high ash, coarse discard coal - generating sales revenue of $26,403 thousand (FY2018: $32,693 thousand);

·; Uitkomst transitioned to an owner operated colliery with the acquisition of the underground mining contractor, Khethekile Mining (Pty) Ltd's ("Khethekile"), operations and transfer of approximately 340 staff to the Colliery;

·; Commencement and completion of plant modifications at Uitkomst to facilitate the production of the additional high ash, coarse discard product;

·; Thermal coal prices experienced significant fluctuations during FY2019 and year-on-year prices were 7% lower compared to FY2018, primarily due to reduced demand in the northern hemisphere leading to substantial decreases in prices during the second half of the period;

·; Received approval for the amendment to the Environmental Authorisation ("EA") for the Makhado Project allowing for the transport of coal by road rather than rail, which was appealed as expected thereby automatically suspending the amendment but subsequently uplifted;

·; Coal Purchase Agreement with Huadong Coal Trading Center Co, Ltd ("HDCTC"), a Chinese state-owned enterprise, for the off-take of up to 450,000t per annum of hard coking coal ("HCC") to be produced from the Lukin and Salaita properties of the Makhado Project;

·; Completion of the front-end engineering and design ("FEED") process for Phase 1 of the Makhado Project;

·; Acquisition of the Lukin and Salaita properties, the remaining two key surface rights required for the Makhado Project;

·; MC Mining board conditionally approved the phased development of the Makhado Project with construction of Phase 1 anticipated to commence in H2 CY2019 and expected to yield 0.54 million tonnes per annum ("Mtpa") of HCC and 0.57Mtpa of export quality thermal coal;

·; Conclusion of a HCC off-take agreement (the "Agreement") with ArcelorMittal South Africa Limited ("AMSA") for the annual purchase of 350,000t to 450,000t of HCC that will be produced at Phase 1 of the Makhado coking coal project;

·; Thermal coal off-take agreement signed with one of the world's largest producers and marketers of bulk commodities for the purchase of the Makhado Phase 1 by-product;

·; The Vele Colliery remained on care and maintenance but the Vele processing plant is expected to be refurbished and recommissioned as part of Phase 1 of the Makhado Project; and

·; The South African Department of Mineral Resources ("DMR") granted a mining right for MC Mining's 74% owned Chapudi coking and thermal coal project ("Chapudi Project"), one of the three projects comprising the Company's longer-term Greater Soutpansberg Project ("GSP") situated in the Soutpansberg Coalfield of the Limpopo Province. This mining right was appealed and the mining rights for the Mopane and Generaal projects have not been granted or denied.

Corporate salient features

·; Completion of the regulatory matters relating to the disposal of the Mooiplaats thermal coal colliery ("Mooiplaats Colliery");

·; $1,065 thousand (ZAR15,000 thousand) ABSA Bank Limited ("ABSA") revolving asset finance facility ("ABSA Facility") for the acquisition of additional mining equipment at the Uitkomst Colliery;

·; Extension for a further six months of the $8,521 thousand (ZAR120,000 thousand) facility from the Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa Limited to MC Mining's subsidiary, Baobab Mining and Exploration Proprietary Limited ("Baobab"), for the development of Makhado;

·; $1,420 thousand (ZAR20,000 thousand) ABSA primary lending facility ("ABSA Facility") secured by Uitkomst;

·; Co-operation agreement signed with Haohua Energy International (Hong Kong) ("HEI"), aligning substantial shareholders' threshold to appoint directors to the MC Mining board and further reinforcing cooperation on matters technical and marketing;

·; Negotiated the settlement of the full outstanding Mooiplaats Colliery sale proceeds;

·; Dismissal of appeals against the Makhado Project EA amendments, facilitating the transport of coal by road rather than rail and reaffirming the project's permitted status; and

·; The Company continued the search for a second cash generator and assessed several potential targets during the period but these did not meet MC Mining's investment criteria.

Subsequent events

IDC Debt Funding Secured

The IDC approved a term loan facility (the "Term Loan") to fund the construction of Phase 1 of the Makhado  Project.

The salient features of the Term Loan are, subject to documentation:

·; the IDC will advance $17,397 thousand (ZAR245,000 thousand) to MC Mining;

·; draw-down can take place any time before 30 June 2021 and the Loan will endure for a period of seven years following draw-down;

·; coupon of the South African Prime interest rate (currently 10%) plus a margin that reflects the significant progress made on Makhado as well as the increased confidence that the IDC has in the execution of the project; and

·; capital repayments will only commence 24 months after the first draw-down and will be repaid in 20 equal quarterly instalments.

The Loan is subject to various conditions precedent including:

·; MC Mining issuing additional equity to shareholders for a minimum of $14,202 thousand (ZAR200,000 thousand); and

·; settlement of the existing 2017 loan facility between the IDC, MC Mining and Baobab, which at 30 June 2019 amounted to $13,116 thousand (ZAR184,700 thousand), and termination of all agreements in this regard.

Sale of land in Harrisia Investments Holdings Proprietary Limited ("Harrisia")

Subsequent to year-end, the Company finalised the sale of land and buildings held by its subsidiary Harrisia. These land and buildings were classified as assets held for sale at 30 June 2019.

Financial review

·; Operating cash flows of $2,469 thousand generated by the Uitkomst Colliery;

·; Payment of a $1,065 thousand (ZAR15,000 thousand) dividend by Uitkomst;

·; During the period an agreement was entered into with Mooiplaats Coal Holdings ("MCH") and an additional party, Last Mile Fund Proprietary Limited ("LMF"), for full and final settlement of $4,096 thousand (ZAR57,676 thousand) for the balance outstanding on the sale of Mooiplaats. $3,287 thousand (ZAR46,290 thousand) was received from LMF and $809 thousand (ZAR11,386 thousand) was received from MCH;

·; $1,420 thousand (ZAR20,000 thousand) available under the ABSA Facility;

·; $8,521 thousand (ZAR120,000 thousand) of the $17,042 million (ZAR240,000 thousand) three year Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa Limited (IDC) loan was available at year-end;

·; The R/$ exchange rate continues to be volatile and gains/losses from these elements are unpredictable;

·; Contributing to the loss were non-cash charges of $25,198 thousand (FY2018: $92,533 thousand) which includes the following:

o Net impairment expense of $21,916 thousand (FY2018: impairment of the Vele assets of $87,475 thousand)

o depreciation and amortisation of $2,186 thousand (FY2018: $1,504 thousand)

o share based payment expense of $852 thousand (FY2018: $1,343 thousand)

o unrealised foreign exchange gain of $ 244 thousand (FY2018: loss $2,211 thousand)

·; Total unrestricted cash balances at year-end of $8,811 thousand (FY2018: $10,931 thousand).

Future developments

MC Mining aims to become the preeminent hard coking coal producer in South Africa and will continue to build on the progress made during FY2019. The main focus for FY2020 will be to secure sufficient funding for the construction of Makhado Phase 1, and once funding is received to begin construction.

The Makhado Project is fully permitted and has 344.8 million mineable tonnes of coal in situ. The Company completed a Competent Persons Report (CPR) during the prior reporting period. The phased development of the Makhado Project was approved by the Company's directors during FY2019 and Phase 1 incorporates the development of the west pit and modifications to the existing Vele Colliery processing plant. The development of the project in phases reduces execution risk, capital expenditure and shorten the mine's construction period and ensures the scalability of the project. Phase 1 will produce approximately 3Mtoa of ROM coal that will be screened and scalped at Makhado. The resultant 2.0Mtpa of scalped ROM coal will be transported to the Vele Colliery for final processing and will yield approximately 0.54Mtpa of hard coking coal (HCC) and 0.57Mtpa of an export quality thermal coal as a by-product. Phase 2 is expected to commence in circa CY2022, funding and market dependent, and includes the construction of the east pit as well as the Makhado processing plant and related infrastructure. This phase will result in 4.0Mtpa of ROM coal producing 1.7Mtpa of saleable HCC and thermal coal.

The revised, phased project delivers similar returns to the original Makhado Project with significantly reduced execution risk as a result of the construction period reducing from 26 to nine months with first sales of Phase 1 coal in month ten. During the period, the Company acquired the final two farms of the Makhado mining area. Subsequent to the reporting period, debt funding was approved by the Industrial Development Corporation to fund the construction of Phase 1. Off-take agreements have been signed with AMSA for 350,000-450,000 tonnes per annum ("tpa") of Phase 1 HCC and one of the world's largest commodity traders signed an off-take agreement for the Phase 1 thermal coal by-product. The South African government's dismissal of the appeal against the Makhado EA amendment during the year reinforces the robustness of the project's permitting processes while the off-take agreements reaffirmed the world-class quality of Makhado's coal and satisfied a key requirement for funders.

The exploration and development of MC Mining's three Soutpansberg coalfield projects namely the Chapudi, Mopane and Generaal project areas, is the catalyst for the long-term growth of the Company. The DMR granted a MR for the Chapudi Project in FY2019 but this was subsequently appealed. The MR applications for the Mopane and Generaal Projects are being processed and the Company is hopeful that these licences will be granted during FY2020.

Environmental regulations

The Group's operations are not subject to any significant environmental regulations under either Commonwealth or State legislation and there has consequently been no breach. The Group is subject to numerous environmental regulations in South Africa, including:

·; The environmental provisions in the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (No 28 of 2002);

·; National Environmental Management Act (No. 107 of 1998);

·; National Water Act (No. 45 of 1965);

·; Environment Conservation Act (No. 73 of 1989); and

·; National Environmental Management Air Quality Act (No. 39 of 2004).

The Board believes that there are adequate systems in place for the management of its environmental impacts but from time to time statutory non-compliances may occur. The Board takes these seriously and continues to monitor compliance.

Corporate Governance

The Group recognises the need for the highest standards of corporate behaviour and accountability. The Directors have accordingly followed the recommendations set by the ASX Corporate Governance Council. For further information on corporate governance policies adopted by MC Mining Limited, refer to the website : http://www.mcmining.co.za/corporate-governance/board-committees-and-charters and the annual report.

Dividends

No dividend has been paid or proposed for the financial year ended 30 June 2019 (FY2018: nil).

Shares under option or issued on exercise of options or performance rights

There are no unissued shares under option as at the date of this report. 1,250,000 share options expired during the period

Details of unissued performance rights granted as at the date of this report are:

No shares or interests were issued during or since the end of the financial year as a result of the exercising of options.

Indemnification of officers and auditors

During the financial year, the Company paid a premium in respect of a contract insuring the directors of the Company, the Company Secretary, and all executive officers of the Company and of any related body corporate against a liability incurred by such a director, secretary or executive officer to the extent permitted by the Corporations Act 2001.

The Company has not otherwise, during or since the end of the financial year, except to the extent permitted by law, indemnified or agreed to indemnify an officer or auditor of the Company or of any related body corporate against a liability incurred by such an officer or auditor.

Directors' meetings

The following table sets out the number of directors' meetings (including meetings of committees of directors) held during the financial year and the number of meetings attended by each director (while they were a director or committee member). During the financial year, a total of four scheduled board meetings were held as well as four Nomination and Remuneration Committee and Safety and Health Committee meetings while six Audit and Risk Committee meetings were held.

1. Resigned from the Audit & Risk Committee on the appointment of Mr Randazzo and was appointed as a member of the Safety, Health and Environment Committee during the period

2. Appointed in March 2019 and is a member of the Audit & Risk Committee

Proceedings on behalf of the Company

No persons applied for leave to bring or intervene in proceedings on behalf of the Company during or since the end of the financial year.

Non-audit services

Non-audit services were provided during the current financial year for services rendered relating to additional review procedures. Details of amounts paid or payable to the auditor for services provided during the year by the auditor are outlined in note 10 to the consolidated financial statements.

Auditor's independence declaration

The auditor's independence declaration is included on page 21 of these consolidated financial statements.

Remuneration report (audited)

This remuneration report, which forms part of the Directors report, sets out information about the remuneration of MC Mining Limited's Directors and its senior management for the financial year ended 30 June 2019. The prescribed details for each person covered by this report are detailed below under the following headings:

·; Director details;

·; Remuneration policy;

·; Relationship between the remuneration policy and company performance;

·; Remuneration of Directors and senior management; and

·; Key terms of employment contracts.

The Board is responsible for establishing remuneration packages applicable to the Board members of the Company. The policy adopted by the Board is to ensure that remuneration properly reflects an individual's duties and responsibilities and that remuneration is competitive in attracting, retaining and motivating people of the highest calibre.

Directors' remuneration packages are also assessed in the light of the condition of markets within which the Company operates, the Company's financial condition and the individual's contribution to the achievement of corporate objectives. Executive Directors are remunerated by way of a salary commensurate with their required level of service.

Total remuneration for all Non-Executive Directors, excluding share-based payments, as approved by shareholders at the November 2010 General Meeting, is not to exceed A$1,000,000 per annum ($702,200).

The Board has a Nomination and Remuneration Committee which was made up as follows: Mr Pryor (Chairman), Mr Mosololi and Mr Brown. The Company does not have any scheme relating to retirement benefits for Executive or Non-Executive Directors.

Director and key management personnel details

The following persons acted as directors of the Company during or since the end of the financial year:

·; B Pryor Independent Chairman

·; D Brown Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director

·; B Berlin Chief Financial Officer and Executive Director

·; A Chee Sin Non-Executive Director

·; A Mifflin Independent Non-Executive Director

·; H Zhen Non-Executive Director

·; K Mosehla Independent Non-Executive Director

·; P Cordin Independent Non-Executive Director

·; S Randazzo(1) Non-Executive Director

·; S Ding Non-Executive Director

·; T Mosololi Independent Non-Executive Director

1. Appointed as Director on 29 March 2019

Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the entity, directly or indirectly, including any director (whether executive or otherwise) of that entity. Apart from the Executive Directors, no employees satisfy the definition of 'key management' to be separately disclosed in this remuneration report.

Remuneration policy

The remuneration policy of MC Mining has been designed to align key management personnel objectives with shareholder and business objectives by providing a fixed remuneration component and offering specific long-term incentives based on key performance areas affecting the Group's financial results. The Board of MC Mining believes the remuneration policy to be appropriate and effective in its ability to attract and retain management personnel to run and manage the Group, as well as create goal congruence between Directors, management and shareholders.

The Board's policy for determining the nature and amount of remuneration for management personnel of the Group is as follows:

·; The remuneration structure is developed by the Nomination and Remuneration Committee and approved by the Board after professional advice is periodically sought from independent external consultants.

·; Management personnel receive a base salary (based on factors such as length of service and experience), performance rights and performance incentives.

·; Incentives paid in the form of cash and performance rights are intended to align the interests of the Directors, management and the Company with those of the shareholders.

The Nomination and Remuneration Committee reviews senior management personnel packages annually by reference to the Group's performance, executive performance and comparable information from industry sectors.

The performance of senior management personnel is measured against criteria agreed annually with each executive and bonuses and incentives are linked to predetermined performance criteria. The performance criteria vary and are determined in line with each individual's performance contract. The Board may, however, exercise its discretion in relation to approving incentives, bonuses, options or performance rights, and can recommend changes to the Nomination and Remuneration Committee's recommendations. Any changes must be justified by reference to measurable performance criteria. The policy is designed to attract the highest calibre of executives and reward them for performance results leading to long-term growth in shareholder wealth.

All remuneration paid to management personnel is valued at the cost to the Company and expensed.

The Board's policy is to remunerate Non-executive Directors at market rates for time, commitment and responsibilities. Shareholder nominee Non-executive Directors are not remunerated. The Nomination and Remuneration Committee determines payments to the Non-executive Directors and reviews their remuneration annually, based on market practice, duties and accountability. The maximum aggregate amount of fees, excluding share-based payments that can be paid to Non-executive Directors is A$1,000,000 ($702,200).

To assist Directors with independent judgement, it is the Board's policy that if a director considers it necessary to obtain independent professional advice to properly discharge the responsibility of their office as a director then, provided the director first obtains approval from the Chairman for incurring such expense, the Company will pay the reasonable expenses associated with obtaining such advice.

Options granted under the Employee Share Option Plan do not carry dividend or voting rights. Options are valued using a binomial option pricing model and the Black-Scholes option pricing model was used to validate the price calculated.

The Company has a shareholder approved performance rights plan (the Plan) to assist in the reward, retention and motivation of eligible employees and to align the interest of eligible employee with the shareholders of the Company. Prior to a performance right being exercised, the performance grants do not carry any dividend or voting rights. Performance rights are granted for no consideration and no exercise price is payable upon exercise of the performance rights.

All the performance rights proposed to be granted are subject to the following vesting conditions:

·; Vesting of the performance rights will be subject to a hurdle rate based on the compound annual growth rate in total shareholder return (TSR) across the three years commencing on the grant date of the performance rights (Performance Period).

·; The hurdle is a measure of the increase in the Company's share price and is a target for the TSR.

·; The base price for the TSR calculation will be the volume weighted average price (VWAP) of shares over the five days prior to the grant date.

·; The end price for the TSR calculation will be the VWAP over the last five days of the Performance Period.

Performance-based remuneration

The key performance indicators (KPIs) are set annually, which includes consultation with management personnel to ensure buy-in. The measures are specifically tailored to the area each individual is involved in and has a level of control over. The KPIs target areas the Board believes hold greater potential to position the Group for future expansion and profit, covering financial and non-financial as well as short and long-term goals.

Performance in relation to the KPIs is assessed annually, with bonuses being awarded depending on the number and deemed difficulty of the KPIs achieved.

Hedging of Management Remuneration

No member of executive management entered into an arrangement during or since the end of the financial year to limit the risk relating to any element of that person's remuneration.

Relationship between remuneration policy and Company performance

The tables below set out summary information about the Group's earnings and movements in shareholder wealth for the five years to June 2019.

* includes the $23,268 thousand impairment of the Makhado Project consolidated exploration asset (FY2018: includes the $87,475 thousand impairment of the Vele Colliery assets)

(1) The share price at the start of the 2018 year is prior to the share consolidation that took place in December 2017.

Remuneration of directors and key management personnel

Details of the nature and amount of each major element of the remuneration of each director are:

1. Mr S Randazzo was appointed on 29 March 2019

2. This is a non-cash cost expensed as employee costs

3. Mr Chee Sin and Mr Zhen were appointed on 24 April 2018

4. Mr Torlage resigned on 26 April 2018

5. Ms Berlin was appointed on 24 April 2018.

6. Mr Schutte resigned on 30 November 2017

No director appointed during the period received a payment as part of his consideration for agreeing to hold the position.

In September 2018, performance bonuses of $0.3 million were paid out in relation to certain performance targets met for the 2018 financial year. The performance targets were based on a combination of individual performance and corporate key performance indicators including; safety, operational targets and the achievement of a turnaround strategy.

Share-based payments granted as compensation for the current financial year

During the financial year, certain share-based payment arrangements expired as follows:

1. A total of 250,000 options (post the 20:1 share consolidation) were granted to non-executive Directors Mr Pryor, Mr Mifflin, Mr Mosehla, Mr Cordin and Mr Mosololi vesting immediately on grant date.

The following grants of share-based payment compensation to executive management personnel relate to the current financial year:

During the year, none of the executive management personnel exercised options or performance rights granted to them as part of their compensation.

Key terms of employment contracts

The Company has entered into formal contractual employment agreements with the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer who are both Executive Directors of the Company. There are no formal contractual employment agreements with any other member of the Board. The employment conditions of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer are:

Current

1. Mr Brown's appointment as CEO commenced on 1 February 2014 with an annual remuneration of ZAR6,251 thousand and a six-month notice period. During the year, Mr Brown received 878,287 performance rights. The performance rights factor in a hurdle rate based on the compound annual growth rate of total shareholder return across the period from the grant date.

2. Ms Berlin was appointed on 24 April 2018 as CFO Financial Director with an annual remuneration of ZAR5,350 thousand and a six-month notice period. During the year Ms Berlin received 635,347 performance rights. The performance rights factor in a hurdle rate based on the compound annual growth rate of total shareholder return across the period from the grant date.

Loans from Key Management Personnel

No loans were provided to or received from Key Management Personnel during the year ended 30 June 2019.

Other Transactions

No other transactions were entered into with any member of Key Management Personnel other than those detailed in this Remuneration Report.

Director equity holdings

Option holdings

The movement during the reporting period in the number of options over ordinary shares at GBP1.10, vesting immediately held directly, indirectly or beneficially by each director including their personally-related entities, is as follows:

The movement during the reporting period in the number of performance grants over ordinary shares exercisable in three years' time subject to performance criteria, held directly, indirectly or beneficially by each director including their personally-related entities, is as follows:

The movement during the reporting period in the number of ordinary shares held, directly, indirectly or beneficially by each director including their personally-related entities, is as follows:

This marks the end of the remuneration report.

This directors' report is signed in accordance with a resolution of directors made pursuant to s298(2) of the Corporations Act 2001.

On behalf of the Directors

Auditor's Independence Declaration

As lead auditor for the audit of MC Mining Limited for the year ended 30 June 2019, I declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief, there have been:

1. no contraventions of the auditor independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2001 in relation to the audit; and

2. no contraventions of any applicable code of professional conduct in relation to the audit.

This declaration is in respect of MC Mining Limited and the entities it controlled during the period.

MC MINING LIMITED

The directors declare that:

a) in the directors' opinion, there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Company will be able to pay its debts as and when they become due and payable;

b) in the directors' opinion, the attached consolidated financial statements are in compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards, as stated in Note 1.1 to the consolidated financial statements;

c) in the directors' opinion, the attached consolidated financial statements and notes thereto are in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, including compliance with accounting standards and giving a true and fair view of the financial position and performance of the Consolidated Entity; and

d) the directors have been given the declarations required by s.295A of the Corporations Act 2001.

Signed in accordance with a resolution of the directors made pursuant to s.295(5) of the Corporations Act 2001.

On behalf of the Directors

Bernard Pryor David Brown

Chairman Chief Executive Officer

30 September 2019 30 September 2019

MC MINING LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

MC MINING LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

for the year ended 30 June 2019

for the year ended 30 June 2019

MC MINING LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

MC Mining Limited ("MCM" or the "Company") is a limited company incorporated in Australia. Its common shares are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange ('ASX'), the Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange ('AIM') and the Johannesburg Securities Exchange ('JSE') in South Africa. The addresses of its registered office and principal places of business is Suite 8, 7 The Esplanade, Mt Pleasant, Perth, Western Australia 6000.

The principal activities of the Company and its subsidiaries ('the Group' or 'the Consolidated Entity') are the acquisition, exploration, development and operation of metallurgical and thermal coal projects in South Africa.

The Group's principal assets and projects include:

·; The operating mine, Uitkomst Colliery;

·; The Makhado hard coking and thermal coal project that has been granted a mining right ("MR"), an integrated water use licence ("IWUL") and an environmental authorisation;

·; The Vele Colliery, a semi soft coking and thermal coal mine, currently under care and maintenance and has been granted the final IWUL relating to the new perennial stream diversion application; and

·; Three exploration and development stage coking and thermal coal projects, namely Chapudi, Generaal and Mopane.

Going Concern

The Consolidated Entity has incurred a net loss after tax for the year ended 30 June 2019 of $33,726 thousand (30 June 2018: $103,763 thousand). The current period loss includes a non-cash net impairment of $21,916 thousand mainly related to the impairment of Australian dollar payments made by the Group in 2007 for the acquisition of two new order prospecting rights, which have been incorporated into the Makhado new order mining right. The prior period loss included a non-cash impairment expense of $87.5 million relating to the Vele Colliery. During the twelve month period ended 30 June 2019 net cash outflows from operating activities were $5,412 thousand (30 June 2018 net inflow: $1,360 thousand). As at 30 June 2019 the Consolidated Entity had a net current liabilities position (before assets held for sale) of $12,028 thousand (30 June 2018: net current asset position of $9,601 thousand).

The current liability position as at 30 June 2019 is primarily a result of borrowings of $12,782 thousand payable to the Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa ("IDC") during May 2020.

The directors have prepared a cash flow forecast for the 18 month period ended 31 December 2020, taking into account available facilities and expected cash flows to be generated by Uitkomst, which indicates that the Consolidated Entity will have sufficient cash flow to fund their operations for at least the twelve-month period from the date of signing this report.

These cash flow forecasts include an assumed drawdown of the new IDC term loan facility of $17,397 thousand (ZAR245,000 thousand) that was conditionally approved subsequent to year end and a repayment in full of the currently utilised IDC facility. Further, it is assumed that additional funding of $35,000 thousand will be raised through a combination of debt, equity and other funding and that development of Phase 1 of the Makhado project will subsequently commence within the 12 months following the signing of these financial statements. The Consolidated Entity's ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months following the signing of these financial statements is therefore dependant on the raising of the above-mentioned additional funding of $35,000 thousand. The Consolidated Entity's ability to continue as a going concern beyond the 12 months following the signing of these financial statements is dependent on the successful development of Phase 1 of the Makhado project and its subsequent ramp-up to planned levels of production. These conditions give rise to a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt on the Consolidated Entity's ability to continue as a going concern, and therefore, that it may be unable to realize its assets and discharge it liabilities in the normal course of business.

These consolidated financial statements do not give effect to adjustments that would be necessary to the carrying value and classification of assets and liabilities, should the Consolidated Entity be unable to continue as a going concern. Such adjustments could be material.

The Group has a history of successful capital raisings to meet the Consolidated Entity's funding requirements. The directors believe that at the date of signing the financial statements there are reasonable grounds to believe that they will be successful in achieving the matters set out above and that the Consolidated Entity will have sufficient funds to meet their obligations as and when they fall due, and are of the opinion that the use of the going concern basis remains appropriate.

1. GENERAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)

Basis of presentation

1.1. Statement of compliance

These consolidated financial statements are general purpose financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, Accounting Standards and Interpretations, and comply with other requirements of the law. The financial statements comprise the consolidated financial statements of the Group. For the purposes of preparing the consolidated financial statements, the Company is a for-profit entity. Accounting Standards include Australian Accounting Standards. Compliance with Australian Accounting Standards ensures that the consolidated financial statements and notes of the Company and the Group comply with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

The consolidated financial statements were authorised for issue by the Directors on 30 September 2019.

1.2. Basis of Preparation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of historical cost, except for other financial assets and financial instruments that are measured at revalued amounts or fair values, as explained in the accounting policies below. Historical cost is generally based on the fair values of the consideration given in exchange for assets.

All amounts are presented in United States dollars, and rounded to nearest thousand unless otherwise noted.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Group takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these consolidated financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for share-based payment transactions that are within the scope of AASB 2, and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as net realisable value in AASB 102 or value in use in AASB 136.

In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Level 1, 2 or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:

·; Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;

·; Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

·; Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES

2.1. Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and entities controlled by the Company (its subsidiaries). Control is achieved when the Company:

·; has power over the investee;

• is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and

• has the ability to use its power to affect its returns.

The Company reassesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control listed above. When the Company has less than a majority of the voting rights of an investee, it has power over the investee when the voting rights are sufficient to give it the practical ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee unilaterally. The Company considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether or not the Company's voting rights in an investee are sufficient to give it power, including:

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

• the size of the Company's holding of voting rights relative to the size and dispersion of holdings of the other vote holders;

• potential voting rights held by the Company, other vote holders or other parties;

• rights arising from other contractual arrangements; and

·; any additional facts and circumstances that indicate that the Company has, or does not have, the current ability to direct the relevant activities at the time that decisions need to be made, including voting patterns at previous shareholders' meetings.

Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Company obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when the company loses control of the subsidiary. Specifically, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income from the date the Company gains control until the date when the Company ceases to control the subsidiary.

Profit or loss and each component of other comprehensive income are attributed to the owners of the Company and to the non-controlling interests. Total comprehensive income of subsidiaries is attributed to the owners of the Company and to the non-controlling interests even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance.

A list of controlled entities is contained in note 39 to the consolidated financial statements.

Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with those used by other members of the Group.

All inter-group transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated in full on consolidation.

Changes in the Group's ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in the Group losing control are accounted for as equity transactions. The carrying amounts of the Group's interests and the non-controlling interests are adjusted to reflect the changes in their relative interests in the subsidiaries. Any difference between the amount by which the non-controlling interests are adjusted and the fair value of the consideration paid or received is recognised directly in equity and attributed to owners of the Company.

When the Group loses control of a subsidiary, a gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss and is calculated as the difference between

(i) the aggregate of the fair value of the consideration received and the fair value of any retained interest and

(ii) the previous carrying amount of the assets (including goodwill), and liabilities of the subsidiary and any non-

controlling interests.

2.2. Business combinations

Business combinations occur where an acquirer obtains control over one or more businesses and results in the consolidation of its assets and liabilities.

Acquisitions of businesses are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value which is calculated as the sum of the acquisition-date fair values of assets transferred by the Group, liabilities incurred by the Group to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity instruments issued by the Group in exchange for control of the acquiree. Acquisition-related costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred.

At the acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are recognised at their fair value, except that:

·; deferred tax assets or liabilities are recognised and measured in accordance with AASB 112 'Income Taxes';

·; assets or liabilities related to employee benefit arrangements are recognised and measured in accordance with AASB 119 'Employee Benefits';

·; liabilities or equity instruments related to share-based payment arrangements of the acquiree or share-based payment arrangements of the Group entered into to replace share-based payment arrangements of the acquiree are measured in accordance with AASB 2 'Share-based Payment' at the acquisition date; and

·; assets (or disposal groups) that are classified as held for sale in accordance with AASB 5 'Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations' are measured in accordance with that Standard.

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree, and the fair value of the acquirer's previously held equity interest in the acquiree (if any) over the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. If, after reassessment, the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed exceeds the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree and the fair value of the acquirer's previously held interest in the acquiree (if any), the excess is recognised immediately in profit or loss as a bargain purchase gain.

Non-controlling interests that represent ownership interests and entitle their holders to a proportionate share of the entity's net assets in the event of liquidation may be initially measured either at fair value or at the non-controlling interests' proportionate share of the recognised amounts of the acquiree's identifiable net assets. Non-controlling interests are measured at fair value or, when applicable, on the basis specified in another Standard.

Where the consideration transferred by the Group in a business combination includes assets or liabilities resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, the contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition-date fair value. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that qualify as measurement period adjustments are adjusted retrospectively, with corresponding adjustments against goodwill. Measurement period adjustments are adjustments that arise from additional information obtained during the 'measurement period' (which cannot exceed one year from the acquisition date) about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date.

The subsequent accounting for changes in the fair value of contingent consideration that do not qualify as measurement period adjustments depends on how the contingent consideration is classified. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not remeasured at subsequent reporting dates and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity. Contingent consideration that is classified as a financial asset or liability is remeasured at subsequent reporting dates in accordance with AASB 9 'Financial Instruments', or AASB 137 'Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets', as appropriate, with the corresponding gain or loss being recognised in profit or loss.

Where a business combination is achieved in stages, the Group's previously held equity interest in the acquiree is remeasured to fair value at the acquisition date (i.e. the date when the Group attains control) and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognised in profit or loss. Amounts arising from interests in the acquiree prior to the acquisition date that have previously been recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss where such treatment would be appropriate if that interest were disposed of.

If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the Group reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. Those provisional amounts are adjusted during the measurement period (see above), or additional assets or liabilities are recognised, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognised as of that date.

2.3. Functional and presentation currency

The individual financial statements of each group entity are presented in the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (its functional currency). For the purpose of the consolidated financial statements, the results and financial position of each group entity are expressed in United Sates dollars ('$'), which is the presentation currency for the consolidated financial statements.

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded in the functional currency at the rate of exchange ruling at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated to the spot rate of exchange ruling at the reporting date. All differences are taken to the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income.

Non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date of the initial transaction.

Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise except for:

·; exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings relating to assets under construction for future productive use, which are included in the cost of those assets when they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on those foreign currency borrowings;

·; exchange differences on transactions entered into in order to hedge certain foreign currency risks; and

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

·; exchange differences on monetary items receivable from or payable to a foreign operation for which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur (therefore forming part of the net investment in the foreign operation), which are recognised initially in other comprehensive income and reclassified from equity to profit or loss on disposal of the net investment in the foreign operation.

For the purpose of presenting consolidated financial statements, the assets and liabilities of the Group's foreign operations are translated into United States dollars using the spot rate of exchange ruling at the reporting date. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates for the period, unless exchange rates fluctuated significantly during that period, in which case the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions are used. Exchange differences arising, if any, are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity (attributed to non-controlling interests as appropriate).

On the disposal of a foreign operation (i.e. a disposal of the Group's entire interest in a foreign operation, or a disposal involving loss of control over a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, loss of joint control over a jointly controlled entity that includes a foreign operation, or loss of significant influence over an associate that includes a foreign operation), all of the accumulated exchange differences in respect of that operation attributable to the Group are reclassified to profit or loss.

Goodwill and fair value adjustments on identifiable assets and liabilities arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the spot rate of exchange ruling at the reporting date. Exchange differences arising are recognised in equity.

2.4. Non-current assets held for sale

Non-current assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the non-current asset (or disposal group) is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification.

When the criteria above are met and the Group is committed to a sale plan involving loss of control of a subsidiary, all of the assets and liabilities of that subsidiary are classified as assets held for sale and liabilities associated with assets held for sale in the consolidated statement of financial position. The income and expenses from these operations are not included in the various line items in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income but the net results from these operations classified as held for sale are disclosed as a separate line within the statement of profit or loss.

Non-current assets (and disposal groups) classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their previous carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

2.5. Exploration and evaluation expenditure

(i) Pre-licence costs

Pre-licence costs relate to costs incurred before the Group has obtained legal rights to explore in a specific area. Such costs may include the acquisition of exploration data and the associated costs of analysing that data. These costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

(ii) Exploration and evaluation expenditure

Exploration and evaluation activity involves the search for mineral resources, the determination of technical feasibility and the assessment of commercial viability of an identified resource.

Exploration and evaluation activity includes:

i. Researching and analysing historical exploration data

ii. Gathering exploration data through geophysical studies

iii. Exploratory drilling and sampling

iv. Determining and examining the volume and grade of the resource

v. Surveying transportation and infrastructure requirements

vi. Conducting market and finance studies

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Licence costs paid in connection with a right to explore in an existing exploration area are capitalised and amortised over the term of the permit.

Once the legal right to explore has been acquired, exploration and evaluation expenditure is charged to profit or loss as incurred, unless the Group conclude that a future economic benefit is more likely than not to be realised.

Capitalised expenditure includes costs directly related to exploration and evaluation activities in the relevant area of interest, including materials and fuel used, surveying costs, drilling costs and payments made to contractors. General and administrative costs are allocated to an exploration or evaluation area of interest and capitalised as an asset only to the extent that those costs can be related directly to operational activities in the relevant area of interest.

Exploration and evaluation assets acquired in a business combination are initially recognised at fair value, including resources and exploration potential that are valued beyond proven and probable reserves. Similarly, the costs associated with acquiring an exploration and evaluation asset (that does not represent a business) are also capitalised. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated impairment.

All capitalised exploration and evaluation expenditure is written off where the above conditions are no longer satisfied, and assessed for impairment if facts and circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist. See note 2.12.

Exploration and evaluation expenditure that has been capitalised is reclassified to development assets when the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource are demonstrable. Prior to such reclassification, exploration and evaluation expenditure capitalised is tested for impairment.

2.6. Development assets

Development expenditure incurred by or on behalf of the Group is accumulated separately for each area of interest in which economically recoverable resources have been identified. Such expenditure comprises costs directly attributable to the construction of a mine and the related infrastructure.

No depreciation is recognised in respect of development assets.

Development assets are assessed for impairment if facts and circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist. See note 2.12.

A development asset is reclassified as a 'mining property' at the end of the commissioning phase, when the mine is capable of operating in the manner intended by management. Immediately prior to such reclassification, development assets are tested for impairment.

2.7. Property, plant and equipment - Mining property

Mining property includes expenditure that has been incurred through the exploration and development phases, and, in addition, further development expenditure that is incurred in respect of a mining property after the commencement of production, provided that, in all instances, it is probable that additional future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Group. Otherwise such expenditure is classified as cost of sales.

Mining property includes plant and equipment associated with the mining property.

When a mine construction project moves into the production phase, the capitalisation of certain mine construction costs ceases, and costs are either regarded as part of the cost of inventory or expensed, except for costs which qualify for capitalisation relating to mining asset additions, improvements or new developments, underground mine development or mineable reserve development.

Depreciation on plant and equipment included within mining property is computed on a straight-line basis over five years.

Depreciation on other components of mining property, is charged using the units-of-production method, with separate calculations being made for each area of interest. The units-of-production basis results in a depreciation charge proportional to the depletion of proved and probable reserves.

Mining property is assessed for impairment if facts and circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist. See note 2.12.

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

2.8. Deferred stripping costs

Stripping costs comprise the removal of overburden and other waste products from a mine. Stripping costs incurred in the development of a mine before production commences are capitalised as part of the cost of constructing the mine (initially within development assets) and are subsequently depreciated over the life of the operation.

Stripping costs incurred during the production stage of a mine are deferred when all of the following criteria are met: (a) it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity; (b) the entity can identify the component of the ore body to which the access has been improved; and (c) the cost incurred can be measured reliably. The amount deferred is based on the waste-to-ore ratio ('stripping ratio'), which is calculated by dividing the tonnage of waste mined by the quantity of ore mined. Stripping costs incurred in a period are deferred to the extent that the current period ratio exceeds the expected life-of mine-ratio. Deferred stripping costs are amortised on a systematic basis over the expected useful life of the identified component of the ore body that becomes more accessible as a result of the stripping activity, or over the expected remaining life of the ore body if the stripping activity provides improved access to the whole of the remaining ore body. The units-of-production method is applied for amortisation of deferred stripping costs.

Where a mine operates more than one open pit that is regarded as a separate operation for the purpose of mine planning, stripping costs are accounted for separately by reference to the ore from each separate pit. If, however, the pits are highly integrated for the purpose of the mine planning, the second and subsequent pits are regarded as extensions of the first pit in accounting for stripping costs. In such cases, the initial stripping (i.e. overburden and other waste removal) of the second and subsequent pits is considered to be production phase stripping relating to the combined operation.

Deferred stripping costs are included in the cost base of assets when determining a cash-generating unit for impairment assessment purposes.

2.9. Property, plant and equipment - Mining Rights

Mining rights are classified as property plant and equipment on commencement of commercial production.

Depreciation is charged using the units-of-production method. The units-of-production basis results in a depreciation charge proportional to the depletion of proved and probable reserves.

Mining rights are assessed for impairment if facts and circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist.

2.10. Property, plant and equipment (excluding development assets, mining property and mining rights)

Freehold land is stated at cost and is not depreciated.

Items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Where items of property, plant and equipment contain components that have different useful lives to the main item of plant and equipment, these are capitalised separately to the plant and equipment to which the component can be logically assigned.

The initial cost of an asset comprises its purchase price or construction cost, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset into operation, the initial estimate of the rehabilitation obligation, and, for qualifying assets (where relevant), borrowing costs. The purchase price or construction cost is the aggregate amount paid and the fair value of any other consideration given to acquire the asset. The capitalised value of a finance lease is also included in property, plant and equipment.

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost of assets (other than freehold land) less their residual values over their useful lives, using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets. However, when there is no reasonable certainty that ownership will be obtained by the end of the lease term, assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and the useful lives.

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in profit or loss.

The annual depreciation rates applicable to each category of property, plant and equipment are as follows:

Furniture, fittings and office equipment 13% - 50%

Buildings 20%

Plant and equipment 20%

Motor vehicles 20% - 33%

Leasehold improvements 25%

Computer equipment 33%

Leased assets Lease period

2.11. Intangible assets, excluding goodwill

An intangible asset is recognised at cost if it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Group and the cost can be reliably measured. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Intangible assets are amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The amortisation method used and the estimated remaining useful lives are reviewed at least annually.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income when the asset is derecognised.

Intangible assets are assessed for impairment if facts and circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist. See note 2.12.

2.12. Impairment of tangible and intangible assets other than goodwill

The carrying amounts of the Group's tangible and intangible assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any).

Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. Where a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value-in-use. In assessing value-in-use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a post-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

2.13. Leasing

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Assets held under finance leases are initially recognised as assets of the Group at their fair value at the inception of the lease or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability to the lessor is included in the consolidated statement of financial position as a finance lease obligation.

Lease payments are apportioned between finance expenses and reduction of the lease obligation so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance expenses are recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalised in accordance with the Group's general policy on borrowing costs (see 2.23 below). Contingent rentals are recognised as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.

Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense on the straight-line basis over the lease term, except where another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are consumed. Contingent rentals arising under operating leases are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

2.14. Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Costs of inventories include expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition.

Cost is determined by using the weighted-average method and comprises direct purchase costs and an appropriate portion of fixed and variable overhead costs, including depreciation and amortisation, incurred in converting materials into finished goods, based on the normal production capacity.

Any provision for obsolescence is determined by reference to specific items of stock. A regular review is undertaken to determine the extent of any provision for obsolescence.

Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.

2.15. Trade receivables

Trade receivables are classified as financial assets at amortised cost. They have been classified in this manner because their contractual terms give rise, on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal outstanding, and the group's business model is to collect the contractual cash flows on trade receivables. Trade receivables are recognised when the group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the receivables. They are initially measured at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost.

The group recognises a loss allowance for expected credit losses on trade receivables. The amount of expected credit losses is updated at each reporting date.

The group makes use of a simplified approach as a practical expedient to the determination of expected credit losses on trade receivables. The group applies the AASB 9 simplified approach to measure expected credit losses, which uses a lifetime expected credit loss allowance, for trade receivables. Trade receivables that are more than 30 days past-due are assessed to have an increase in credit risk. The simplified approach is based on historic credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, general economic conditions and an assessment of both the current and forecast direction of conditions at the reporting date, including the time value of money, where appropriate.

An impairment gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss with a corresponding adjustment to the carrying amount of trade receivables through use of a loss allowance account. Trade receivables are written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovery. Indicators that there is no reasonable expectation of recovery include, among others, the failure of a debtor to engage in a repayment plan with the Group, and a failure to make contractual payments for a period of greater than 90 days past due date. Impairment losses is included in operating expenses in profit or loss.

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

2.16. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and short-term deposits. Cash and cash equivalents are accounted for at amortised cost.

Restricted cash comprise cash balances which are encumbered and the Group does therefore not have unrestricted access to these funds.

2.17. Financial instruments

Financial instruments held by the Group are classified in accordance with the provisions of AASB 9 Financial Instruments. For details on reclassifications and re-measurements in terms of AASB 9 compared to AASB 139, please refer to note 2.26.

Broadly, the classification possibilities, which are adopted by the Group, as applicable, are as follows:

Financial assets

• Amortised cost

• Fair Value Through Profit or Loss

Financial liabilities

• Amortised cost

When a financial liability is contingent consideration in a business combination, the Group classifies it as a financial liability at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial assets at amortised cost

The following financial assets are classified as financial assets at amortised cost:

• Trade and other receivables

• Cash and cash equivalents

• Loan receivable

• Other financial assets

Classification

Assets are classified in this category because the contractual terms give rise, on specific dates, to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal outstanding, and it is the Group's business model to collect the contractual cash flows on these assets.

Measurement

Financial assets at amortised cost are recognised when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the asset. These financial assets are recognised initially at the amount of consideration that is unconditional, unless they contain significant financing components, when they are recognised at fair value. These financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost. The amortised cost is the amount recognised on the receivable, minus principal repayments, plus cumulative amortisation (interest) using the effective interest rate method, of any difference between the initial amount and the maturity amount, adjusted for any loss allowance.

Interest income is calculated using the effective interest rate method, and is included in profit or loss in interest income.

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

The application of the effective interest method to calculate interest income on a receivable is dependent on the credit risk of the receivable as follows:

• The effective interest rate is applied to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset, provided it is not credit impaired. The gross carrying amount is the amortised cost before adjusting for a loss allowance.

• If a financial asset was not purchased or originally credit-impaired, but it has subsequently become credit-impaired, then the effective interest rate is applied to the amortised cost of the financial asset in the determination of interest. If, in subsequent periods, the financial asset is no longer credit impaired, then the interest calculation reverts to applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount.

When a financial asset is denominated in a foreign currency, the carrying amount of the financial asset is determined in the foreign currency. The carrying amount is then translated to using the spot rate at the end of each reporting period. Any resulting foreign exchange gains or losses are recognised in profit or loss in other operating gains/(losses).

Impairment

The Group assesses on a forward-looking basis the Expected Credit Losses ("ECLs") associated with its financial assets carried at amortised cost. ECLs are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured as the present value of all cash shortfalls (ie the difference between the cash flows due to the Group in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Group and Company expects to receive).

Expected credit loss allowances are measured on either of the following bases:

• 12-month ECLs: these are ECLs that result from possible default events within the 12 months after the reporting date; and

• lifetime ECLs: these are ECLs that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument.

The Group considers a financial asset to be in default when contractual payment term has lapsed. However, in certain cases, the Croup and Company may also consider a financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group.

Financial assets at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss

The following financial assets are classified at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss:

• Other Financial Assets

Classification

Investments held by the Group as equity securities in investment funds are classified as Fair Value Through Profit or Loss. Assets are classified in this category because the Group does not hold these investments solely to collect payments of principal and interest on the principal outstanding, and the Group manages these investments based on their fair value.

Measurement

Financial assets at Fair Value Through Profit or Los are recognised when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the investment. These financial assets are recognised initially at fair value. These financial assets are subsequently re-measured at fair value with all gains or losses recognised directly in profit or loss.

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

Classification

The following financial liabilities are classified as financial liabilities at amortised cost:

• Borrowings

• Finance lease liabilities

• Trade and other payables

Measurement

Liabilities at amortised cost are recognised when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the liability. The liabilities are initially measured, at initial recognition, at fair value plus transaction costs, if any. They are subsequently measured at amortised cost.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating an interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the amortised cost of a financial liability.

Interest expense, calculated on the effective interest method, is included in profit or loss in finance costs.

When financial liabilities are denominated in a foreign currency, the carrying amount of the payables are determined in the foreign currency. The carrying amount is then translated to using the spot rate at the end of each reporting period. Any resulting foreign exchange gains or losses are recognised in profit or loss in the other operating gains/(losses).

Modification of financial liabilities

A substantial modification of the terms of an existing debt instrument or part of it is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original debt instrument and the recognition of a new debt instrument.

Derecognition

Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the assets have expired or have been transferred and the Group has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. Financial liabilities are derecognised when the obligations specified in the contracts are discharged, cancelled or expire. On derecognition of a financial asset/liability, any difference between the carrying amount extinguished and the consideration paid is recognised in profit or loss.

2.18. Trade payables

Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Trade payables are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities.

Trade payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

2.19. Provisions

Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Group will be required to settle the obligation, and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (where the effect of the time value of money is material). The increase in provisions due to the passage of time is included in the finance cost line item in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income.

Financial Guarantee Contracts

A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payment when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument.

The entity recognizes a provision for financial guarantees when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits and will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate of the obligation can be made.

Determining whether an outflow of resources is probable in relation to financial guarantees requires judgement. Indications that an outflow of resources may be probable are:

- Financial difficulty of the debtor

- Defaults or delinquencies in interest and capital repayment of the debtor

- Breaches of the terms of the debt instrument that result in it being payable earlier than the agreed term and the ability of the debtor to settle its obligation on the amended terms.

- A decline in prevailing economic circumstances (e.g. high interest rates, inflation and unemployment) that impact on the ability of entities to repay their obligations.

Rehabilitation provision

A provision for rehabilitation is recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of exploration, development or production activities undertaken, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and the amount of the provision can be measured reliably.

The nature of these restoration activities includes: dismantling and removing structures; rehabilitating mines and tailings dams; dismantling operating facilities; closing plant and waste sites; and restoring, reclaiming and revegetating affected areas.

The provision for future rehabilitation costs is the best estimate of the present value of the expenditure required to settle the rehabilitation obligation at the reporting date, based on current legal and other requirements and technology. Future rehabilitation costs are reviewed annually and any changes in the estimate are reflected in the present value of the rehabilitation provision at each reporting date.

The initial estimate of the rehabilitation provision relating to exploration, development and production facilities is capitalised into the cost of the related asset and depreciated or amortised on the same basis as the related asset. Changes in the estimate of the provision are treated in the same manner, except that the unwinding of the effect of discounting on the provision is recognised as a finance cost rather than being capitalised into the cost of the related asset.

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

2.20. Share-based payments transactions of the Group

Equity-settled

Equity-settled share-based payments to employees and others providing similar services are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments at the grant date. Details regarding the determination of the fair value of equity-settled share-based transactions are set out in note 32.

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on the straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Group's estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity. At the end of each reporting period, the Group revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in profit or loss such that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to the equity-settled employee benefits reserve.

Equity-settled share-based payment transactions with parties other than employees are measured at the fair value of the goods or services received, except where that fair value cannot be estimated reliably, in which case they are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments granted, measured at the date the entity obtains the goods or the counterparty renders the service.

Accounting for BEE transactions

Where equity instruments are issued to a black economic empowerment ('BEE') party at less than fair value, these are accounted for as share-based payments. Any difference between the fair value of the equity instrument issued and the consideration received is accounted for as an expense in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income.

A restriction on the BEE party to transfer the equity instrument subsequent to its vesting is not treated as a vesting condition, but is factored into the fair value determination of the instrument.

2.21. Taxation, including sales tax

The income tax expense or income for the period represents the sum of the tax currently payable or recoverable and deferred tax.

Current taxation

The tax currently payable or recoverable is based on taxable profit or loss for the year. Taxable profit or loss differs from profit or loss as reported in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Group's liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date in countries where the Group operates and generates taxable income.

Deferred taxation

Deferred taxation is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit or loss. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if a taxable temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or any temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.

Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax balances are calculated using the tax rates that are expected to apply to the reporting period or periods when the temporary difference reverse, based on tax rates and tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Group intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates, and interests in joint ventures, except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Group and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary differences associated with such investments and interests are only recognised to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profits against which to utilise the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.

Current and deferred tax for the year

Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

Where current tax or deferred tax arises from the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.

Sales tax

Revenues, expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of the applicable sales tax, except:

·; where the amount of sales tax incurred is not recoverable from the taxation authority, it is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of an asset or as part of an item of expense; or

·; for receivables and payables which are recognised inclusive of sales tax.

The net amount of sales tax recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of receivables or payables.

Cash flows are included in the cash flow statement on a gross basis. The sales tax component of cash flows arising from investing and financing activities which is recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is classified within operating cash flows.

2.22. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised at fair value of the consideration received net of the amount of applicable sales tax.

Sale of coal - AASB 118: Revenue 

Revenue from the sale of coal prior to the adoption of AASB 15 was recognised when all the following conditions are satisfied:

·; the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;

·; the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;

·; the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;

·; it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and

·; the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

Specifically, revenue from the sale of coal was recognised when goods were delivered and legal title passed .

Sale of coal - AASB 15: Revenue from contracts with customers

Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer. The Group recognises revenue when it transfers control over coal sold to a customer, which is generally indicated as follows:

·; The entity has a present right to payment for the coal sold

·; The customer has legal title to the coal sold

·; The entity has transferred physical possession of the coal sold

·; The customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the coal sold

·; The customer has accepted the coal sold

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Transport of coal (where applicable) is also recognised as revenue at this point. No discounts are provided for coal sales.

Interest income

Interest income is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Group and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate. Interest income is recognised in investment income on the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income.

2.23. Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale.

All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.

2.24. Employee benefits

A liability is recognised for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave when it is probable that settlement will be required and they are capable of being measured reliably.

2.25. Segment information

Reportable segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating decision-maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the Company's executive committee.

Management has determined the reportable segments of the Group based on the reports reviewed by the Company's executive committee that are used to make strategic decisions. The Group has three reportable segments: Exploration, Development and Mining (see note 4).

2.26. Adoption of new and revised Accounting Standards and Interpretations

In the current year the Group has adopted all of the new and revised standards and interpretation issued by the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) that are relevant to its operations and effective for the current annual reported period. New and revised standards, amendments thereof, and interpretations effective for the current reporting period that are relevant to the Group include:

·; AASB 9 Financial Instruments which addresses the classification, measurement and derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities, introduces new rules for hedge accounting and a new impairment model for financial assets.

·; AASB 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers  which is based on the principle that revenue is recognised when control of a good or service transfers to a customer.

AASB 9 - Financial instruments

The group has adopted AASB 9, 'Financial instruments', on 1 July 2018. AASB 9 replaces AASB 139 Financial Instruments and introduces new requirements for:

• The classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities

• Impairment for financial assets; and

• General hedge accounting (which is not currently applicable to the Group).

The classification categories previously defined under AASB 139 were replaced in AASB 9 with the categories 'amortised cost', 'fair value through profit or loss' and 'fair value through OCI'.

Financial assets previously held as 'loans and receivables' were transferred to financial assets 'at amortised cost', effective from 1 July 2018. The transfer in financial asset categories did not have a material impact on the measurement of the financial assets.

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

On transition, the new expected credit loss impairment model on financial assets did not result in a material change to impairment provisions and therefore opening retained earnings was not adjusted.

The Company has applied AASB 9 retrospectively but has elected not to restate comparative information. As a result, the comparative information provided continues to be accounted for in accordance with the Company's previous accounting policy.

The reclassification of financial assets and liabilities are summarised in the table below:

AASB 15 - Revenue from contracts with customers

The Group has adopted AASB 15 on 1 July 2018, which replaces "AASB 118 Revenue". The new standard is a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers to achieve greater consistency in the recognition and presentation of revenue.

The Group used the following practical expedient as permitted by AASB 15:

• for completed contracts that began and ended in the same annual reporting period, no restatement has been done.

Previously, under AASB 118, all revenue was recognised at a point in time, at the date that risks and rewards transferred.

Under AASB 15, revenue is recognised at the point in time when control passes, which was determined to be in line with previous recognition under AASB 1188 for the Group, and therefore had no impact on opening balances upon adoption.

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

At the date of the authorisation of this financial report, the following Standards and Interpretations were in issue but not yet effective. The Group has assessed those that are relevant to its operations as follows:

3. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND KEY JUDGEMENTS

Estimates assume a reasonable expectation of future events and are based on current trends and economic data, obtained both externally and within the Group. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. The primary areas in which estimates and judgements are applied are discussed below.

3.1 Asset carrying values and impairment charges

The Group assesses impairment at the end of each reporting period by evaluating conditions and events specific to the Group that may be indicative of impairment triggers. Recoverable amounts of relevant assets are reassessed using fair value less cost to sell calculations, which incorporate various key assumptions. Key assumptions include future coal prices, future operating costs, discount rates, foreign exchange rates and coal reserves.

Exploration and evaluation assets

Determining the recoverability of exploration and evaluation expenditure capitalised requires estimates and assumptions as to future events and circumstances, in particular, whether successful development and commercial exploitation, or alternatively sale, of the respective areas of interest will be achieved. The Group applies the principles of AASB 6 and recognises exploration and evaluation assets when the rights of tenure of the area of interest are current, and the exploration and evaluation expenditures incurred are expected to be recouped through successful development and exploitation of the area. If, after having capitalised the expenditure under the Group's accounting policy, a judgment is made that recovery of the carrying amount is unlikely, an impairment loss is recorded in profit or loss.

Development expenditure

Development activities commence after the commercial viability and technical feasibility of the project is established. Judgment is applied by management in determining when a project is commercially viable and technically feasible. Any judgments may change as new information becomes available. If, after having commenced the development activity, a judgment is made that a development asset is impaired, the appropriate amount will be written off to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

3. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND KEY JUDGEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The Company considers the following items as pre-requisites prior to concluding on commercial viability:

·; All requisite regulatory approvals from government departments in South Africa have been received and are not subject to realistic legal challenges;

·; The Company has the necessary funding to engage in the construction and development of the project as well as general working capital until the project is cash generative;

·; A JORC compliant resource proving the quantity and quality of the project as well as a detailed Mine Plan reflecting that the colliery can be developed and will deliver the required return hurdle rates;

·; The Company has secured off-take and/or logistics agreements for a significant portion of the product produced by the mine and the pricing has been agreed; and

The Company has the appropriate skills and resources to develop and operate the project.

Impairment assessment

Long-term mining assets forming part of board-approved projects are valued based on estimates of future discounted cash flows (DCFs) of the latest board-approved business forecasts regarding production volumes, costs of production, capital expenditure, coal prices and market forecasts for foreign exchange rates. The discount rate is a risk adjusted discount rate, taking into account specific risks relating to the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) where cash flows have not been adjusted for the risk. This methodology is typically applied to CGUs classified as Development Assets (e.g. Vele Colliery) and as Property, Plant and Equipment (e.g. Uitkomst Colliery).

Coal resources outside approved mine plans are valued based on an in situ resource multiple based value. Comparable market transactions are used as a source of evidence. This methodology is typically applied to CGUs classified as Exploration and Evaluation assets (e.g. Greater Soutpansberg Project, Makhado Project, Uitkomst North adit). For Exploration and Evaluation projects that are at an advanced stage of evaluation and conditionally approved by the Board (e.g. Makhado Project), DCFs are also used and validated by in situ resource multiple based values.

The key financial assumptions used in the current year's impairment calculations are:

(i) Estimated with reference to the short-term future quotes for hard coking coal free-on-board Australia. Management's models considered a HCC price range of between $124 per ton and $160 per ton, with a base case of $138 per ton.

(ii) Estimated with reference to the forward curve for API4 thermal coal free-on-board Richards Bay. Management's models considered a Thermal coal price range of between $66 per ton and $81 per ton, with a base case of $74 per ton.

(iii) Estimated with reference to the prevailing exchange rates. Management's models considered a Rand vs US Dollar exchange rate range of between R13.80 and R15.24 with a base case of R14.50.

(iv) Post-tax discount rates that reflect management's assessments of market conditions and risks specific to the various projects. Management's models considered between 8% and 10% for established and producing projects and between 9% and 12% for developing and future projects, with a base case of 8% for established and producing projects and between 9% and 11% for developing and future projects.

(v) Based on recent thermal and premium coal transactions in South Africa a weighted range of between R1 and R5 per mineable ton in situ was determined reasonable for the Group's impairment assessment purposes. The carrying values of the Group's exploration and evaluation projects were comfortably supported within this range after adjusting for project risk factors.

3. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND KEY JUDGEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Sensitivity analysis for DCF calculations