RE: Jubilee Cargo6 Feb 2026 16:04
At what point in time of the loading operation and where is the Q&Q analysis carried out?
Gemini------> For offshore oil cargo operations in Ghana, Quantity and Quality (Q&Q) analysis is a continuous process that occurs in three distinct phases: Pre-loading, During loading, and Post-loading.
The analysis is conducted by an independent third-party inspector (e.g., SGS Ghana or Intertek) who boards the export tanker via a shuttle boat or helicopter before operations begin.
1. Pre-Loading Phase (Establish Baseline)
Where: Onboard the receiving export tanker.
When: Immediately after the tanker arrives and the "Key Meeting" between the inspector, the tanker's master, and the FPSO representative is completed.
Activity: The inspector gauges all cargo tanks to determine the On Board Quantity (OBQ)—any residual oil or "slops" remaining from previous voyages—to ensure it is not counted as part of the new shipment. They also verify tank cleanliness to prevent contamination.
2. During Loading Phase (Real-Time Monitoring)
Where: Primarily at the FPSO's metering skid and the tanker’s manifold.
When: Throughout the 24–36 hour pumping window.
Activity:
Quantity: High-precision custody transfer meters on the FPSO provide the primary volume data.
Quality: Automatic samplers at the FPSO manifold collect a "composite sample" proportionally throughout the entire load. This sample represents the average quality of the 950K barrels.
3. Post-Loading Phase (Final Certification)
Where: Onboard the export tanker and in an onshore laboratory (usually in Takoradi).
When: Immediately after the "Stop" command is given and the hoses are disconnected.
Activity:
Final Gauging: The inspector performs manual ullage measurements of the tanker’s tanks to calculate the Total Received Volume.
Lab Analysis: The composite sample is taken ashore (or sometimes tested in a small onboard lab) to determine critical commercial factors: API Gravity, Sulphur content, and BS&W (Basic Sediment & Water).
The results from this final phase are used to issue the Certificate of Quantity and Certificate of Quality, which are the legal documents required to trigger the 30-day payment clock.