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If only vaccines hadn’t been invented
If only governments hadn’t stopped funding trials
If only all drug trials were 100% guaranteed
If only we’d had 1600 patients in a trial we couldn’t afford
yadda yadda yadda
Yawn
Dundee university having referenced MX1 as a potential biomarker for severity of disease ties in nicely with out COPD findings
https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/54/suppl_63/OA263
Antiviral biomarkers are upregulated in sputum cells following administration of inhaled interferon beta to COPD patients
Sophie Reynolds, Kerry Lunn, Rona Beegan, Victoria Tear, Phillip D Monk
“Results: Inhaled IFN-β was well tolerated. All antiviral biomarkers were significantly upregulated 24hrs post dose.
Fold upregulation in Mx1 and OAS1 gene expression was similar to that seen at the same dose in stable asthmatics.
Conclusions: Antiviral biomarkers were significantly upregulated in the lungs of COPD patients following the administration of inhaled IFN-β, supporting the proposed mechanism-of-action as a treatment for virus-induced exacerbations”
Interesting study given the collaboration between these groups Synairgen, Southampton, Universal, Dundee (lead investigator J Chalmers)
New study
Accepted November 23, 2023
Published online March 7, 2024.
https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/63/3/2300787
Corresponding author: James D. Chalmers (j.chalmers@dundee.ac.uk)
Extensive acute and sustained changes to neutrophil proteomes post-SARS-CoV-2 infection
This included 101 IFN-I signature proteins that were increased in abundance ……including MX1 and MX2 (figure 1h; supplementary figure S2). MX1 in particular was highly abundant with a pronounced and robust increase in COVID-19
This divergence suggests the potential for using MX1 as a marker for IFN-I activity, as described previously [46], whereby levels of MX1 could be measured in blood using a lateral flow test [47]. This could theoretically be used to stratify critically ill patients lacking an IFN-I response who could potentially benefit from IFN-β treatment during acute severe viral infection.
Who’d have thought ?
Mice and rats have long served as the preferred species for biomedical research animal models due to their anatomical, physiological, and genetic similarity to humans
Research on mice has been vital to the discovery of key features of both innate and adaptive immune responses;
For example, the first descriptions of the major T cell receptor, and antibody synthesis were derived from experiments performed on mice.
I guess there are two camps here. Those who believe the company are working hard to deliver new trials and when they have completed that work, they will update the market with news and dates.
Those who think the company are useless and will never deliver or at best deliver something pretty uninspiring.
The company could waste their time appeasing the later but quite honestly we saw what happened with the new years update from RM in 2023. Those people just treated it with derision and wouldn’t be any happier now with a “making good progress” statement.
I’ve been given a timeframe in the last update and I’m patient enough to wait. Hand holding along the way is a fairly pointless activity for the board.
Very interesting in the French study
The treatment with inhaled IFN was accompanied by a decrease in serum CRP in all patients. Serum IL-6 also decreased except for patient 4, and was fluctuating in patient 1, according to the use of continuous venous dialysis. At the same time, the white blood cell count normalized, with an increase in lymphocyte count
There is a correlation among higher levels of D-dimer, cytokines, lower levels of lymphocyte subsets, and disease severity in COVID-19 patients. These effective biomarkers may help clinicians to evaluate the severity and prognosis of COVID-19
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9579342/
(Institut Pasteur, 2020). The CT scans showed characteristic images of SARS-CoV-2 infection including bilateral frosted glass opacities of the lung parenchyma for all and bilateral pleural effusion for patient 4. On entry into critical care, all patients also had serum CRP levels >100 mg/L, and abnormal white blood cell counts with lymphocytopenia.
The data is telling us so much more than just the odd 11% of patients with autoantibodies.
Results
In this cohort, 11.8% of ……..
Furthermore, a noteworthy correlation was discerned between the presence of these neutralizing antibodies and critical clinical parameters, including C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, D-dimer levels, and lymphocyte counts.
The COPD results showing bacterial indications for severe cases.
“Increases in CRP were associated with increased
incidence of purulent sputum (Figure C) in the
placebo group suggesting that SNG001 treatment
may have had an impact on the development of
secondary bacterial infections. On Day 17, 60.0% of
the patients treated with placebo had purulent
sputum compared to 15.4% of patients treated with
SNG001 (p=0.039)”
Of course we could swap science all night long
Ten Strategies of Interferon Evasion by Viruses
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931312817302950
But then we’d still be left the same question
Why are you here?
Instead of searching science. If you search trolling, you probably get the answer to that question.
2 out of 10 on the science
Viruses counteract the antiviral response by encoding mechanisms to control IFN signalling, block the actions of IFN-stimulated gene products and disrupt the various levels of cross-talk between IFNs and other cellular pathways. Studies of SARS-CoV-2
, influenza virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus and vaccinia virus
If you were a real scientist you’d know this