City AM7 Apr 2015 11:33
FACT-FILTER: Separating the spin from the facts Tim Wallace compares the parties’ housing taxes
Money is tight in Whitehall. Both Labour and the Conservatives are promising to cut the deficit to varying degrees if they win the General Election.
And Westminster is surrounded by some of the most valuable real estate in the world.
House prices in London have boomed since 2013, so an obvious solution presents itself – confiscate some of that wealth.
But how best to do it?
STAMP DUTY
George Osborne hiked stamp duty on expensive homes in his Autumn Statement, while reducing the levy on the cheaper 98 per cent of sales. Under those new rules, a house selling for £275,000 saw its stamp duty bill cut by £4,500 to £3,750, while a property worth £2m saw its bill rise £53,750 to £153,750. Overall, the stamp duty changes represent an annual tax cut of around £800m.
TAX HOMES WORTH OVER £2M
Labour wants to add an annual levy to the most valuable homes, its mansion tax, rather than changing the transaction tax.
There is certainly room to quibble about the definition of a mansion.
Dictionaries tend to stick with “a large, impressive house”, while Ed Miliband has set it at homes worth more than £2m.
It will result in awkward comparisons. Pokey, one-bedroom flats in Kensington routinely sell for more than £2m, while a sprawling seven-bed pile in an upmarket corner of Northumberland will fit comfortably below the threshold.
But it targets the asset-rich, and those in London in particular.
WHO IS AFFECTED?
One clear problem is how to value those houses. The last nation-wide valuation of homes took place in 1991 when council tax bands were set, and no government has dared touch them since.
Labour is set to ask owners to submit their own valuations, a process which will be tricky to evaluate or police. Properties in a corporate envelope are taxed based on self-valuations currently, and the party wants to extend the system. But it might be harder to work out the value of a house which has not been sold for 30 years than it is to put a number on a corporate asset.
Labour estimates the tax will apply to below 0.5 per cent of all homes, amounting to around 100,000 properties. Surveyors’ and estate agents’ figures range from E.surv’s estimate of 60,000 homes to Knight Frank’s 110,000.
HOW MUCH WILL IT BRING IN?
The next problem is working out exactly how much the tax will raise. Labour wants to bring in £1.2bn from the tax. The party plans to charge those with homes worth £2m to £3m an extra £250 per month, or £3,000 per year.
If all the homes were charged £3,000, it would raise £300m – one-quarter of the target.
That raises questions as to how much the homes worth above £3m would pay. Labour has not given a firm answer yet, but does say it would be proportionate,