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28jaczar - there is nothing that makes spodumene 'battery grade' whilst petalite is not - battery grade is all about the purity after it has been processed into a battery precursor such as lithium carbonate - both spodumene and petalite could be converted into battery grade Lithium Carbonate, in fact the low iron impurity content of our petalite may make it more appropriate than most people's spodumene. It's just that it is more valuable for high quality glazes as low impurity petalite than simply selling to the battery guys.
The only really advantage of spodumene is that it has a potentially higher Li content of 3.7% versus 2.3% for petalite so the cost of transporting to the precursor processing plant is slightly lower ( see https://www.sgs.com/~/media/Global/Documents/Flyers%20and%20Leaflets/SGS-MIN-WA109-Hard-Rock-Lithium-Processing-EN-11.pdf and https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/9/6/334/pdf ) - this however does not mean that anyone trying to push their lithium project will be shouting 'spodumene, spodumene, spodumene' from the rooftops.
Actually the most recent numbers are ( https://polaris.brighterir.com/public/afritin_mining/news/rns/story/x5212lx) :
Tin feed grade 0.15% for 148,700 tonnes of ore crushed. This represents 223 tonnes of contained Tin metal - the output of the tin processing was 220 tonnes of tin concentrate with a 61% Tin metal content (that is not so bad as pure cassiterite SnO2 is only 78.7% Sn by mass) which amounts to 136 tonnes of tin metal. Thus the recovery rate for the tin is 136/223 = 61%
The quoted potential recovery rate of Tantalite is nowhere stated as 15-20% - what is stated ( here https://polaris.brighterir.com/public/afritin_mining/news/rns/story/rg827jw ) is that the dry magnetic separation process being considered can produce a tantalite concentrate of greater than 24% purity - this is not to say that 76% of the contained tantalite is chucked away somewhere - what it means is that unfortunately 3/4 of the tantalite concentrate is some other stuff which we've not been able to separate the tantalite from.
The actual recovery rate of the tantalite may well be a lot closer to the 60% recovery rate demonstrated for the tin, in which case the amount of tantalite potentially recoverable from each tonne of ore is 60% x 85ppm x (100%/82%) [the 85ppm number is quoted for the metal Ta not the crystal Ta2O5 hence there needs to be a correction - see https://www.convertunits.com/molarmass/Ta2O5 ) = 62 grammes of Tantalite. This 62g of tantalite contains 51g of Tantalum metal, which at 125 USD/kg would work out at USD 6.375.
This is to be compared with Tin per tonne of 0.15% * 60% = 0.9 Kg, which at current prices of 44 USD/kg would be expected to obtain around USD 39.6 - thus marcoh's conclusion is essentially correct.
mogwhy - "Obviously, they'll be using Mokopane's 300m tonnes of vanadium to satisfy their requirements."
No China Energy Storage Materials is connectec with IRL who now own the mapochs mine - you may recall that these were the people who were prevented from acquiring Vanchem, which is now owned by , let me see ....
mogwhy, I went to the Vanitec meeting in manchester in mid 2017 precisely to find out more about the first of the production plants you listed - the fangchenggang one. At the meeting nobody knew anything about that Project and it was only following investigation after that it turned out it was a highly speculative plan from someone who had no access to any VTM ores.
In the last 5 years I have not heard a single word of news about this project so I think that we can conclude that it is still speculative.
The moral - it is easy to claim that you are going to be making billions of tonnes of electrolyte or manufacture Vanadium out of old shoe leather for 10p a tonne but that does not mean it is actually going to happen.
The second moral - Bushveld Shareholders should not be at all bothered about these fanciful mega-electrolyte projects from stealing our market share - they are more advanced in their electrolyte production plans than any intergrated Vanadium producer, Largo included.
Loudspeaker - thanks for the regular updates on Vanadium prices - it looks to me like $40/kg is the new base - high enough for us to make very healthy profits but not high enough to kick off Chinese stone coal production. We, and the VRFB industry, does not need the boom and bust that gets the traders all hot and bothered.
Yearly production will be up 20% in 2022 (700 mtV) and then another 22% (800 mtV) thereafter.
All this production expansion is fully paid for. Don't listen to those who would try to spin it any other way.
As 2022 kicks off, global demand for vanadium is expected to grow.
“There is limited demand downside, as either growth is expected to slow (steel, chemicals) or increase in pace (aerospace, batteries) as all main demand categories are poised for some growth,” Thomas said.
https://investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/battery-metals-investing/vanadium-investing/vanadium-outlook/
was USD 43,375 per tonne yesterday - that's 10,000 USD more per tonne than in September and has only ever been higher for 2 days in all of recorded history.
Whilst currencies can fluctuate all over the place commodities remain in demand.
https://www.energy-storage.news/california-will-need-up-to-55gw-of-long-duration-energy-storage-by-2045-study-finds/
Long Duration Energy Storage is coming ...
"State-level trade association California Energy Storage Alliance (CESA), together with consultancy Strategen, published a document in 2021 which assessed that more than 50GW of long-duration energy storage would be needed for California to achieve its policy goal of delivering 100% renewable electricity to all customers by 2045. "
Long Duration Energy Storage is coming.